在树莓派上,使用 Python 来将传感器的数据发送至邮箱。
Use Python SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 邮件传送代理 (Mail Transfer Agent,MTA) 程序使用SMTP协议来发送电邮到接收者的邮件服务器。SMTP协议只能用来发送邮件,不能用来接收邮件。大多数的邮件发送服务器 (Outgoing Mail Server) 都是使用SMTP协议。SMTP协议的默认TCP端口号是25。
SMTP协议的一个重要特点是它能够接力传送邮件。它工作在两种情况下:一是电子邮件从客户机传输到服务器;二是从某一个服务器传输到另一个服务器。
POP3 (Post Office Protocol) & IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) POP协议和IMAP协议是用于邮件接收的最常见的两种协议。几乎所有的邮件客户端和服务器都支持这两种协议。 POP3协议为用户提供了一种简单、标准的方式来访问邮箱和获取电邮。使用POP3协议的电邮客户端通常的工作过程是:连接服务器、获取所有信息并保存在用户主机、从服务器删除这些消息然后断开连接。POP3协议的默认TCP端口号是110。
IMAP协议也提供了方便的邮件下载服务,让用户能进行离线阅读。使用IMAP协议的电邮客户端通常把信息保留在服务器上直到用户显式删除。这种特性使得多个客户端可以同时管理一个邮箱。IMAP协议提供了摘要浏览功能,可以让用户在阅读完所有的邮件到达时间、主题、发件人、大小等信息后再决定是否下载。IMAP协议的默认TCP端口号是143。
邮件格式 (RFC 2822) 每封邮件都有两个部分:邮件头和邮件体,两者使用一个空行分隔。 邮件头每个字段 (Field) 包括两部分:字段名和字段值,两者使用冒号分隔。有两个字段需要注意:From和Sender字段。From字段指明的是邮件的作者,Sender字段指明的是邮件的发送者。如果From字段包含多于一个的作者,必须指定Sender字段;如果From字段只有一个作者并且作者和发送者相同,那么不应该再使用Sender字段,否则From字段和Sender字段应该同时使用。 邮件体包含邮件的内容,它的类型由邮件头的Content-Type字段指明。RFC 2822定义的邮件格式中,邮件体只是单纯的ASCII编码的字符序列。 MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) (RFC 1341)
MIME扩展邮件的格式,用以支持非ASCII编码的文本、非文本附件以及包含多个部分 (multi-part) 的邮件体等。
Python email模块
class email.message.Message
__getitem__,__setitem__实现obj[key]形式的访问。Msg.attach(playload)
: 向当前Msg添加playload。Msg.set_playload(playload)
: 把整个Msg对象的邮件体设成playload。
Msg.add_header(_name, _value, **_params): 添加邮件头字段。 2. class email.mime.base.MIMEBase(_maintype, _subtype, **_params)
所有MIME类的基类,是email.message.Message类的子类。 3. class email.mime.multipart.MIMEMultipart()
在3.0版本的email模块 (Python 2.3-Python 2.5) 中,这个类位于email.MIMEMultipart.MIMEMultipart。 这个类是MIMEBase的直接子类,用来生成包含多个部分的邮件体的MIME对象。 4. class email.mime.text.MIMEText(_text)
使用字符串_text来生成MIME对象的主体文本
例子 发文本内容 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 import smtplibfrom email.header import Headerfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextmail_host = "smtp.163.com" mail_user = "asdf@163.com" mail_pass = "****************" sender = 'asdf@163.com' receivers = ['*******@163.com' ] content = '我用Python发邮件' title = '人生苦短,闲来无事发邮件' def sendEmail (): message = MIMEText(content, 'plain' , 'utf-8' ) message['From' ] = "{}" .format (sender) message['To' ] = "," .join(receivers) message['Subject' ] = Header(title, 'utf-8' ) try : smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_host, 994 ) smtpObj.login(mail_user, mail_pass) smtpObj.sendmail(sender, receivers, message.as_string()) print ("mail has been send successfully." ) except smtplib.SMTPException as e: print (e) def send_email2 (SMTP_host, from_account, from_passwd, to_account, subject, content ): email_client = smtplib.SMTP(SMTP_host) email_client.login(from_account, from_passwd) msg = MIMEText(content, 'plain' , 'utf-8' ) msg['Subject' ] = Header(subject, 'utf-8' ) msg['From' ] = from_account msg['To' ] = to_account email_client.sendmail(from_account, to_account, msg.as_string()) email_client.quit() if __name__ == '__main__' : sendEmail()
发送附件 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 import smtplibfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.image import MIMEImagesender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related' ) msgRoot['Subject' ] = 'test message' att = MIMEText(open ('h:\\python\\1.jpg' , 'rb' ).read(), 'base64' , 'utf-8' ) att["Content-Type" ] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition" ] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"' msgRoot.attach(att) smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com' ) smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string()) smtp.quit()
带图片的HTML 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 import smtplibfrom email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipartfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextfrom email.mime.image import MIMEImagesender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related' ) msgRoot['Subject' ] = 'test message' msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!' ,'html' ,'utf-8' ) msgRoot.attach(msgText) fp = open ('h:\\python\\1.jpg' , 'rb' ) msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read()) fp.close() msgImage.add_header('Content-ID' , '<image1>' ) msgRoot.attach(msgImage) smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com' ) smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string()) smtp.quit()
HTML形式的邮件 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 import smtplibfrom email.mime.text import MIMETextsender = '***' receiver = '***' subject = 'python email test' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = '***' password = '***' msg = MIMEText('<html><h1>你好</h1></html>' ,'html' ,'utf-8' ) msg['Subject' ] = subject smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com' ) smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
FAQ
Question: ImportError,No module named header.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/i/Desktop/email.py" , line 5, in <module> import smtplib File "/usr/lib/python2.7/smtplib.py" , line 46, in <module> import email.utils File "/home/i/Desktop/email.py" , line 6, in <module> from email.header import Header ImportError: No module named header
Answer: Do you have a file (or directory) called email.py
in the directory where you are running the script? Or is your script even called email.py
? please changing your script or directory’s name!!!The email
is a python module!!!! Don’t use the name email
as the name of the file!!!!
use command sendEmail example 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 :~$ sendemail -f asdf@163.com -t asdf@189.cn -u "from sendemail" -m aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa -o tls=no -s smtp.163.com -o username=haven200 -o password=****** Jan 02 22:01:57 kali sendemail[2544]: Email was sent successfully! ~$ cat filename | sendemail -f @163.com -t @163.com -u "cat from file" -s smtp.163.com -xu haven200 -xp ****** -o message-charset=utf8 Reading message body from STDIN because the '-m' option was not used. If you are manually typing in a message: - First line must be received within 60 seconds. - End manual input with a CTRL-D on its own line. Jan 03 00:04:34 kali sendemail[4442]: Message input complete. Jan 03 00:04:43 kali sendemail[4442]: Email was sent successfully!
Command 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -f asdf@163.com 发件人邮箱 -s smtp.163.com 发件人邮箱的smtp服务器 -u "邮件主题" 邮件的标题 -o message-content-type =html 邮件内容的格式,html表示它是html格式 -o message-charset =utf8 邮件内容编码 -xu asdf@163.com 发件人邮箱的用户名 -xp ****** 发件人邮箱授权码,非邮箱密码 -m "我是邮件内容" 邮件的具体内容 -o tls =no 关闭tls加密,以明文发送消息